Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecommunications

would wireless mobile (based on technologies such as global system for mobile
communications (GSM), code division multiple access (CDMA) and LTE)
communications work without synchronization? Clearly it would not and Qualityof-
Service issues would arise if it were not considered.
Quality-of-Service and synchronization have always had close links. This has
been true in the TDM world where accurate synchronization is required to limit the
occurrence of slips.
Synchronization is still needed today and in future for mobile applications and
networks:
– to stabilize the radio frequencies used by the mobile base station;
– to allow efficient spectrum usage;
– to avoid radio interference between neighboring cells;
– to allow seamless hand over between cells.
Poor synchronization within a telecommunications network may have important
impacts on the end user:
– The communication can degrade (voice communication can become
inaudible).
– The throughput of data connections in the networks can reduce.
– The network’s connections (in the case of the internet) might even be totally
lost.
– In the case of mobile communications, hand over between cells could fail and
quality of experience degrade.
Ensuring a proper design for a synchronization network